含(han)(han)銅(tong)廢水,如鍍銅(tong)廢水,是處理含(han)(han)銅(tong)電(dian)鍍廢水較為成熟(shu)的方法之一(yi)。目前,除了板狀(zhuang)電(dian)極電(dian)解(jie)槽之外,還有(you)各(ge)種類型(xing)的電(dian)解(jie)槽,包括含(han)(han)有(you)非導(dao)體(ti)顆粒的板狀(zhuang)電(dian)極電(dian)解(jie)槽和流化床電(dian)解(jie)槽。

近年來,實驗研究也(ye)可(ke)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍廢(fei)水處理,如氰(qing)(qing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和焦磷酸銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍。 L. Szpyrkowicz使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)直(zhi)接氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)pH值(zhi)為(wei)13的(de)(de)氰(qing)(qing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)廢(fei)水,并(bing)在1.5小(xiao)時(shi)內將含銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)廢(fei)水中(zhong)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)濃度(du)從(cong)470 mg / L降低(di)到(dao)0.25 mg / L.回收金屬銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)335。 .3 mg [4],也(ye)指出(chu)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)表面狀態(tai)對(dui)氰(qing)(qing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)合(he)物有重要(yao)影(ying)響(xiang),特別是水力條(tiao)件對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應(ying)器中(zhong)氰(qing)(qing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)配合(he)物的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang),并(bing)提出(chu)了一(yi)種新型反(fan)應(ying)器。 。準確的(de)(de)功率和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)效率值(zhi)[5]。研究人(ren)員不(bu)斷改進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji),大大提高了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)效率和恢復能力。然而,由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)污(wu)染,能量消耗和高加工成(cheng)本,含銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍廢(fei)水的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學處理的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)受到(dao)限制。
2離子交換處理含銅電(dian)鍍廢水
離(li)子交(jiao)換(huan)是處理重金屬廢水的(de)主要方法(fa)之一。各種離(li)子交(jiao)換(huan)劑不斷(duan)創新(xin)。有許多類型的(de)離(li)子交(jiao)換(huan)劑。近(jin)年(nian)來(lai),纖維素材料開始(shi)受到青睞;絡合劑對含銅電鍍廢水的(de)處理影響不大。
2.1離子交換樹(shu)脂
離子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)對(dui)銅(tong)(tong)去除的影響非(fei)常(chang)好(hao)。已經報道了樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)高濃(nong)度(du)氨銅(tong)(tong)沖(chong)洗(xi)液。一(yi)些(xie)工(gong)廠使(shi)(shi)用(yong)弱酸性陽離子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)來處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)酸性硫酸銅(tong)(tong)沖(chong)洗(xi)廢水(shui)。一(yi)些(xie)企業使(shi)(shi)用(yong)強堿(jian)性陰(yin)離子(zi)(zi)交(jiao)換樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)焦磷酸銅(tong)(tong)鍍液廢水(shui),回(hui)收(shou)(shou)部分水(shui)[6]。此外,水(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)專家還喜歡(huan)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)的良好(hao)選擇(ze)性,大吸附(fu)容(rong)量(liang)和堅牢度(du)的優點。許多研究人員合成了各種用(yong)于(yu)去除和回(hui)收(shou)(shou)銅(tong)(tong)的螯(ao)合樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)。宋(song)繼(ji)明(ming)等[7]鈉型氨基(ji)磷酸螯(ao)合樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)使(shi)(shi)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)后的流出物Cu2 +的質(zhi)量(liang)濃(nong)度(du)不(bu)大于(yu)0.015mg / L,M.Rutfor等人。 [8]通過(guo)將聚丙烯接(jie)枝到(dao)淀粉上制備含(han)氨基(ji)的螯(ao)合樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi),在pH為6時獲得高達3.0mmol / g的銅(tong)(tong)吸附(fu)容(rong)量(liang),并且交(jiao)換速率快。然而,由于(yu)這(zhe)些(xie)化合物的高價格,它們中(zhong)的大多數仍(reng)然處(chu)于(yu)實驗階(jie)段并且在工(gong)業中(zhong)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)較少(shao)。
2.2離子交換纖維
離(li)(li)子(zi)交(jiao)換纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)是(shi)近(jin)年來發展(zhan)迅(xun)速的新型(xing)離(li)(li)子(zi)交(jiao)換材料,在重(zhong)金屬(shu)廢水處理領域(yu)也(ye)有了(le)很大的發展(zhan)。改性(xing)聚丙(bing)烯腈纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)對電鍍(du)廢水中(zhong)銅的吸附表明,改性(xing)聚丙(bing)烯腈纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)吸附后,含銅電鍍(du)廢水中(zhong)銅離(li)(li)子(zi)含量明顯低于(yu)國(guo)家排放標準[9]。近(jin)年來,天然(ran)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)研(yan)究(jiu)已(yi)成為熱點(dian)。天然(ran)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)價格低廉,來源廣泛。它(ta)是(shi)一種很有前景的離(li)(li)子(zi)交(jiao)換劑椰(ye)殼,棕(zong)櫚纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei),米殼等天然(ran)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)去除重(zhong)金屬(shu)離(li)(li)子(zi)的研(yan)究(jiu)非常好。
除硫(liu)酸銅(tong)工業廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)中的(de)銅(tong)離子處(chu)理方法(fa)外,銅(tong)鍍(du)(du)(du)層通(tong)常(chang)用作鍍(du)(du)(du)鎳,鍍(du)(du)(du)錫,鍍(du)(du)(du)鉻,鍍(du)(du)(du)銀(yin),鍍(du)(du)(du)金(jin)底層,以提高基底金(jin)屬與表面(mian)之間的(de)粘接強(qiang)度鍍(du)(du)(du)層和(he)(he)鍍(du)(du)(du)層的(de)耐腐蝕性。含(han)(han)銅(tong)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)行業中非常(chang)普遍(bian),這種廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)通(tong)常(chang)含(han)(han)有(you)各種重金(jin)屬和(he)(he)絡(luo)合劑(ji),這會(hui)導致銅(tong)和(he)(he)其他金(jin)屬的(de)去除和(he)(he)回收出(chu)現問題,并(bing)且安全有(you)效地處(chu)理銅(tong) - 含(han)(han)有(you)混合電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)。廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)處(chu)理方面(mian)仍然是一項艱巨的(de)任(ren)務。
目前,含(han)銅電鍍(du)廢(fei)水(shui)的(de)處理(li)主要(yao)采用化學法(fa)(fa),離子(zi)交換法(fa)(fa),膜分(fen)離法(fa)(fa),吸附法(fa)(fa),生物法(fa)(fa)等,這(zhe)些(xie)方法(fa)(fa)也是處理(li)其他重(zhong)金(jin)屬廢(fei)水(shui)的(de)常用方法(fa)(fa)。本文主要(yao)介紹含(han)銅電鍍(du)廢(fei)水(shui)。具(ju)體應用。
1含銅電鍍廢水的化學(xue)處理(li)
1.1中和沉淀(dian)法
目(mu)前,化學中和法和混(hun)凝沉淀法常用(yong)于含銅(tong)綜合(he)電鍍廢水的(de)處理。在中和廢水中的(de)酸和堿的(de)同時,銅(tong)離子形成氫氧化銅(tong)沉淀,然后通(tong)過固液分(fen)離裝置(zhi)除去。沉淀。
當(dang)(dang)單個含銅廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)的pH為(wei)(wei)6.92時(shi),可以沉(chen)淀并(bing)(bing)除(chu)去(qu)銅離(li)(li)子以滿足標準(zhun)。當(dang)(dang)電(dian)鍍廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)的銅和鐵共存時(shi),pH值控制在(zai)8到9之間(jian),這也符合排放標準(zhun)。然而,對于同時(shi)含有(you)銅和其他重(zhong)金屬和配合物(wu)(wu)的混(hun)合電(dian)鍍廢(fei)水(shui)(shui),銅的去(qu)除(chu)效(xiao)率不(bu)好,并(bing)(bing)且(qie)通常不(bu)滿足排放標準(zhun),主要(yao)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)這種方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的處理基(ji)本(ben)上是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了調節pH值。廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)和各種金屬。沉(chen)淀物(wu)(wu)的最佳(jia)pH值不(bu)同,因(yin)此去(qu)除(chu)效(xiao)果(guo)不(bu)佳(jia)。另外,如果(guo)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)含有(you)氰化物(wu)(wu)和銨等復(fu)合離(li)(li)子,并(bing)(bing)與(yu)銅離(li)(li)子形(xing)成絡合物(wu)(wu),則(ze)銅離(li)(li)子不(bu)易離(li)(li)解(jie),銅離(li)(li)子不(bu)能(neng)達到標準(zhun)放電(dian)。特別是(shi)在(zai)處理含氰化物(wu)(wu)的含銅混(hun)合廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)后,銅離(li)(li)子的濃度(du)幾乎與(yu)CN-的濃度(du)成比例。只要(yao)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)存在(zai)CN-,流(liu)出(chu)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)銅離(li)(li)子的濃度(du)就不(bu)會達到標準(zhun)[1]。這使得通過中(zhong)和沉(chen)淀法(fa)(fa)對含銅混(hun)合廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)的流(liu)出(chu)物(wu)(wu)處理不(bu)好,特別是(shi)對于銅的去(qu)除(chu)。
1.2硫化物沉(chen)淀法
硫化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)在重金(jin)屬廢水處理(li)方面具有很大的(de)優勢。它(ta)可以(yi)解(jie)決(jue)一些弱(ruo)復(fu)雜的(de)重金(jin)屬不符合(he)標準的(de)問題。硫化(hua)(hua)銅的(de)溶(rong)解(jie)度(du)遠(yuan)低于氫氧化(hua)(hua)銅的(de)溶(rong)解(jie)度(du),反應的(de)pH范圍很寬。該材料還(huan)可以(yi)沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)部(bu)分(fen)銅離子復(fu)合(he)物(wu)(wu),因此不需要分(fen)裂(lie)處理(li)[2]。然(ran)而,由于硫化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)的(de)細微(wei)沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian),它(ta)不易沉(chen)降,這限制了其應用。此外,氰化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)離子的(de)存在會影響硫化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)的(de)沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian),硫化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)會溶(rong)解(jie)一些硫化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)沉(chen)淀(dian)(dian)物(wu)(wu)。
沉淀(dian)(dian)(dian)是最廣泛(fan)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)處(chu)理電鍍廢(fei)水的(de)(de)方法(fa)。除(chu)(chu)了(le)上述兩種常用(yong)方法(fa)外(wai),許多(duo)研究(jiu)人(ren)員還將(jiang)研究(jiu)重點放在重金(jin)屬(shu)沉淀(dian)(dian)(dian)劑的(de)(de)開發上。含淀(dian)(dian)(dian)粉黃原(yuan)酸(suan)鹽(ISX)處(chu)理含銅(tong)(tong)電鍍廢(fei)水,銅(tong)(tong)去除(chu)(chu)率大于99%。李一久(jiu)等人(ren)。使(shi)用(yong)二乙基(ji)氨基(ji)二硫(liu)代甲酸(suan)鈉(DDTC)作為(wei)重金(jin)屬(shu)捕獲劑。當(dang)DDTC與銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)質量比為(wei)0.8至1.2時,銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)去除(chu)(chu)率可達到99.6%[3]。捕獲劑已在工業上使(shi)用(yong)。重金(jin)屬(shu)沉淀(dian)(dian)(dian)劑的(de)(de)研究(jiu)將(jiang)更有(you)利于化學沉淀(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)的(de)(de)發展。
1.3電化學方法(fa)
重金屬廢(fei)水(shui)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)處理具有效(xiao)率高,自(zi)動控制,污泥量少的(de)(de)優(you)點。含銅電(dian)(dian)鍍廢(fei)水(shui)的(de)(de)處理可直接(jie)回(hui)收金屬銅。該處理在廢(fei)水(shui)中具有廣泛的(de)(de)銅濃(nong)度,特(te)別是對于(yu)較(jiao)高濃(nong)度的(de)(de)銅濃(nong)度。 (當銅的(de)(de)質量濃(nong)度大于(yu)1g / L時),廢(fei)水(shui)具有一定的(de)(de)經濟(ji)效(xiao)益,但(dan)在低濃(nong)度下電(dian)(dian)流效(xiao)率低。這種方法(fa)主(zhu)要用于(yu)
電鍍(du)(du)行業中的電鍍(du)(du)銅,除電鍍(du)(du)要求(qiu)外(wai)
3膜分離技術處(chu)理含(han)銅電鍍廢水(shui)
工(gong)(gong)業(ye)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)的膜(mo)處(chu)(chu)理一般采(cai)(cai)用(yong)反滲透,超濾和(he)二者的組(zu)合。工(gong)(gong)業(ye)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)膜(mo)處(chu)(chu)理的關(guan)鍵是根據分離條件選擇(ze)合適的膜(mo)。已經(jing)報道(dao)了使(shi)用(yong)反滲透膜(mo)分離技術處(chu)(chu)理含(han)銅電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)[10]。該方法對(dui)含(han)銅配合物的電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)理效果較好,有的已應用(yong)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)和(he)其他水(shui)處(chu)(chu)理技術。它工(gong)(gong)作得(de)很好。另外,在美國(guo),日本,德(de)國(guo)已經(jing)報道(dao)了重金屬(shu)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)的液(ye)膜(mo)處(chu)(chu)理,并且一些已經(jing)獲得(de)了經(jing)驗(yan)規則(ze),F.Valenzuela等。 [11]用(yong)Span-80-水(shui)楊(yang)醛液(ye)膜(mo)系統處(chu)(chu)理酸性(xing)采(cai)(cai)礦廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)的銅,并在攪拌(ban)條件下建立銅去除。
動態模型(xing)。
4含銅電鍍廢水的吸附處理
重金屬廢水的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)處(chu)理有很多優點(dian),已成為水處(chu)理研究的(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)。已經(jing)開發了許多性(xing)能良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)劑(ji),特別是工(gong)業廢料和農(nong)作物殘渣作為吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)使用,并且現有吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)改性(xing)已經(jing)提高吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)性(xing)能已成為近年來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)門話(hua)題。
沸石(shi)和(he)醫用(yong)石(shi)材(cai)價(jia)格(ge)便宜(yi)且使用(yong)廣泛。醫用(yong)石(shi)材(cai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)銅(tong)離(li)(li)子(zi)的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)率(lv)可(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)95%以上;藍晶(jing)石(shi)在(zai)適當的(de)(de)條件下(xia)可(ke)(ke)以對(dui)(dui)(dui)銅(tong)離(li)(li)子(zi)達(da)(da)到100%的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)效(xiao)(xiao)果;煙煤,礦渣(zha)等(deng)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)作處(chu)理含(han)銅(tong)電(dian)鍍廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)劑,由(you)瀝青(qing)灰(hui)合成(cheng)4A沸石(shi)可(ke)(ke)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)各種重金屬(shu),對(dui)(dui)(dui)銅(tong)離(li)(li)子(zi)的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)效(xiao)(xiao)果非常好[ 12。此外,對(dui)(dui)(dui)現有吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)劑的(de)(de)改性可(ke)(ke)以大大提高(gao)交換(huan)容量和(he)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。李(li)愛陽等(deng)[13]對(dui)(dui)(dui)斜發沸石(shi)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)改性,提高(gao)了(le)(le)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附(fu)性能,有效(xiao)(xiao)去(qu)除(chu)了(le)(le)銅(tong),同(tong)時去(qu)除(chu)了(le)(le)鋅,隔膜,鉛等(deng)重金屬(shu)離(li)(li)子(zi),取(qu)得了(le)(le)良好的(de)(de)工業(ye)化運行(xing); Selvaraj Rengaraj等(deng)人。 [14]土壤的(de)(de)氨和(he)質子(zi)化改性實(shi)現了(le)(le)95%的(de)(de)含(han)銅(tong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)的(de)(de)去(qu)除(chu),質量濃度(du)為(wei)100 mg / L,這為(wei)低濃度(du)含(han)銅(tong)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)的(de)(de)處(chu)理開辟了(le)(le)道路(lu)。

目(mu)前,該研究的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)是一些植物和動物糞便作為吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附劑。為了(le)提高吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附量和吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附選擇性,改性吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附劑對銅離(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附具有顯(xian)著(zhu)影(ying)響(xiang)。由酒石(shi)酸改性的(de)稻殼大(da)大(da)增強了(le)對銅離(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附作用[15]。經堿處理的(de)雞毛吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附銅離(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)能力大(da)大(da)提高,吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附效果非(fei)常好(hao)[16]。在單一廢水中(zhong)(zhong)使用木屑吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附混合電鍍廢水中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)銅離(li)子(zi)(zi)比使用銅更好(hao)[17]。
5含銅(tong)電(dian)鍍廢水的生物處理
重(zhong)金屬廢水(shui)生物處理的(de)(de)最重(zhong)要(yao)特征(zheng)是微生物在運行(xing)過程中可以持續(xu)增殖,生物質去除的(de)(de)金屬離子(zi)數量隨著生物量的(de)(de)增加而(er)(er)增加。該生物法(fa)具(ju)有(you)綜合(he)加工能力強等優點,在廢水(shui)中有(you)效(xiao)去除銅(tong),六價鉻,鎳,鋅,隔(ge)膜,鉛等有(you)害金屬離子(zi);治療方法(fa)簡單實(shi)用;過程控制簡單污泥量少,二次(ci)污染明顯減(jian)少。然(ran)而(er)(er),重(zhong)金屬廢水(shui)的(de)(de)生物處理具(ju)有(you)傳播速度慢,功能菌反應速度慢,處理水(shui)回收困(kun)難的(de)(de)缺(que)點。
目前,一(yi)(yi)些微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)已(yi)應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)含銅電鍍廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)凈(jing)化。生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)是使用(yong)某些類型的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)群來累積廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)中的(de)(de)重金屬(shu)。生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)群可(ke)被視為生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)離(li)子(zi)交換(huan)劑(ji)。微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)不同的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)種,例如(ru)細(xi)菌,真(zhen)菌,酵母(mu),藻類等。這些天(tian)然(ran),豐富且廉價(jia)的(de)(de)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)可(ke)用(yong)作有效的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)劑(ji),以選擇性地(di)從廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)中去除(chu)銅離(li)子(zi)。有許多關于(yu)(yu)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)去除(chu)銅離(li)子(zi)的(de)(de)報道[18-20]。雖(sui)然(ran)活性微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)能力和(he)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)效率高(gao)于(yu)(yu)非(fei)活性微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu),但通常選擇無活性微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu),主(zhu)要是非(fei)活性微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)不受(shou)環境毒性,營養成分,生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)介質的(de)(de)限制(zhi),易解吸(xi)(xi),微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)可(ke)以重復利用(yong),和(he)過程控制(zhi)很(hen)簡單。該(gai)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)體具有更長(chang)的(de)(de)停留時(shi)間和(he)快速的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)吸(xi)(xi)附(fu)。微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)理重金屬(shu)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)研(yan)究已(yi)成為一(yi)(yi)個熱點。
六(liu),結論
在(zai)混合電(dian)鍍(du)廢水中去除銅(tong),尤其(qi)是處理含有氰離子和其(qi)他復合離子以及各種重金屬(shu)的(de)(de)電(dian)鍍(du)廢水仍然是一個難題(ti)。解決這(zhe)個問(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵是如(ru)何在(zai)游離銅(tong)之后去除銅(tong)絡合物或破(po)碎的(de)(de)銅(tong)絡合物沉淀物。
結合(he)多種組合(he)和(he)自動控(kong)制的資源再利用(yong)技(ji)術(shu)已成為(wei)電鍍廢(fei)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)的主流(liu),如(ru)化(hua)學(xue)方法(fa)和(he)離子交(jiao)換方法(fa)的結合(he);電解法(fa)與生物法(fa)相(xiang)結合(he);微濾膜與離子交(jiao)換法(fa)等的結合(he)。利用(yong)各(ge)種工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)彌補其缺(que)點,實現最佳組合(he)。因此,深入研究電鍍廢(fei)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和(he)使用(yong)各(ge)種工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)相(xiang)結合(he)處(chu)(chu)理(li)含銅混合(he)電鍍廢(fei)水(shui)具有廣泛的經濟和(he)社會效益。
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